Overview and Causes
Cervical spinal stenosis is a condition that refers to narrowing of the spinal canal in the cervical area of the spine, typically caused by age and degeneration of intervertebral discs and facet joints. Arthritis is the most common cause of cervical spinal stenosis, as it causes facet joints to expand, leaving little room for nerve roots. As the disc degenerates, they dry out and weaken, reducing in height. The load on the vertebrae shifts, putting more demand on the facet joints. The facet joints can weaken and inflame, causing the openings to shrink and press on nerves. Bone spurs may also develop and grow into the spinal canal. Ligaments around the joints can also increase in size, causing additional irritation and pressure on nerves.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Many of the symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis are consistent with other spinal conditions: Neck and Back Pain – This may or may not occur and many people with cervical spinal stenosis feel pain in their extremities (arms and legs) rather than in their neck or back. This is known as “referred” pain.
Numbness/Tingling – The pressure on nerves may cause sensations in extremities that feels like an electric current or a lack of sensation in touch. Burning/Aching Pain – Nerve pressure can cause a radiating pain down the extremities. This is often referred to as sciatica. This pain can extend its reach based on location of degenerative condition.
Weakness/Instability – As pressure on nerves increase, the extremities can lose strength and ability to maintain grip or balance. Cervical spinal stenosis causes weakness in hands and grip. Lumbar Spinal Stenosis can cause “foot drop,” where the patient’s foot drops or drags while walking.
Your doctor may perform tests on you to determine if you have Cervical spinal stenosis, and how severe it is. These tests may include patient history, X-rays and MRIs to get background and images of your spine. Additional tests may include CT scans and myelograms to determine where the condition is occurring and if nerves are being compressed.
Treatment
Treatment for cervical spinal stenosis ranges from conservative to surgical. Your doctor will work with you to develop the most effective treatment path. Non-surgical options include physical therapy, lumbar stabilization and traction devices, anti-inflammatory medications, steroidal injections and/or other non-surgical treatments. Surgical options range and are decompressive in nature. The surgical options depend on severity of condition and may or may not include discectomy, or removal of damaged disc. Discuss your options with your doctor.
Risks and Benefits
Failure to take preventive measures for any spinal condition may result in a further aggravated condition. Surgical measures for advanced cases may give relief from extremity pain. The risks involved with surgery are common – infection, blood loss, damage to nerves and spine – and some specific to your treatment. Always consult with your doctor about the particular risks and benefits of your treatment.
